Pengaruh Penggunaan AI Generatif terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Esai Siswa SMA pada Tahun 2025
Keywords:
AI generatif, ChatGPT, menulis esai, Bahasa IndonesiaAbstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan AI generatif, khususnya ChatGPT, terhadap kemampuan menulis esai siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) pada tahun 2025. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pesatnya perkembangan teknologi kecerdasan buatan yang mulai dimanfaatkan dalam proses pembelajaran, termasuk dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Metode kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dua kelas dari salah satu SMA di Jakarta dijadikan sampel penelitian, yaitu kelas eksperimen yang diberikan penggunaan AI generatif dalam proses penulisan esai dan kelas kontrol yang diberikan metode konvensional. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes menulis esai sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, lembar observasi, serta angket persepsi siswa digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Dari hasil analisis data, perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan menulis esai siswa yang menggunakan AI generatif dan yang tidak digunakan ditemukan. Peningkatan pada aspek struktur, kosakata, dan koherensi tulisan ditunjukkan oleh siswa yang menggunakan AI generatif. Namun, potensi ketergantungan terhadap teknologi serta penurunan orisinalitas pada sebagian siswa juga ditemukan. Penggunaan AI sebagai alat bantu dalam pembelajaran menulis direkomendasikan dalam penelitian ini, dengan pengawasan dan pembimbingan yang tepat dari guru.
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