Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Menumbuhkan Keterampilan 4c Dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Di Indonesia: Studi Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

In the 21st century, students need various skills, including the 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Communication, Creative Thinking, and Collaboration). Several research results show that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is an effective learning model in developing 4C skills. The aim of this research is to find out how the PBL model has been used in Indonesia in physics learning to facilitate 4C skills over the last 6 years (2018-2023). The data in this research was obtained using the Scopus database and focused on the problem-based learning model and 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Communication, Creative Thinking, and Collaboration) in physics education in Indonesia. This research is a special literature study and the literature filtering method uses the 4-step prism method. A total of 20 relevant articles were analyzed quantitatively descriptively using an Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive analysis focuses on subject research, physics material, types of skills, types of research, and research locations. The synthesis results show that research on PBL and 4C skills more frequently involves senior high school students compared to other education levels, with quantitative approaches being the most dominant research design. Regarding the skills fostered, critical thinking skill dominates the studies (65%), followed by creative thinking (15%), communication (10%), and collaboration (5%), indicating a gap in attention to communication and collaboration skills. The most frequently studied physics topics are motion, followed by work and energy, momentum and impulse, and optics. The distribution of research locations remains concentrated in Sumatra and Java, indicating that research in other regions of Indonesia is still limited. These findings provide a map of existing research as well as recommendations for future PBL research directions, particularly to strengthen the development of communication and collaboration skills and to broaden the geographical and topical scope of physics education research.