Pengembangan Sistem Pembelajaran Penjas Adaptif Berbasis Website dan Android untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Fisik, Kebugaran dan Interaksi Sosial pada Individu dengan Hambatan Fisik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31571/jpo.v15i1.10731Keywords:
adaptive physical education, physical impairment, website, Android, ADDIEAbstract
Individu dengan disabilitas fisik di Provinsi Banten menghadapi hambatan dalam mengakses aktivitas fisik terstruktur, yang berdampak pada rendahnya kebugaran jasmani dan keterbatasan interaksi sosial. Pendidikan jasmani adaptif berbasis teknologi digital berpeluang menjadi solusi, namun platform yang ada belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kebutuhan spesifik pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi sistem pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani adaptif berbasis website dan android untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, kebugaran, dan interaksi sosial. Metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE digunakan. Analisis kebutuhan melibatkan 30 penyandang disabilitas fisik dan 5 guru. Sistem divalidasi tiga ahli materi dan dua ahli media, lalu diimplementasikan pada 20 partisipan selama delapan minggu. Instrumen pengukuran meliputi IPAQ-SF (aktivitas fisik), tes jalan/putar 6 menit, lempar bola medicine duduk, duduk dan meraih modifikasi (kebugaran), serta Skala Interaksi Sosial. Data dianalisis dengan uji-t berpasangan. Hasil validasi menunjukkan tingkat kelayakan sangat tinggi (materi 91,2%, media 89,4%) dan kegunaan sistem tergolong sangat baik (SUS 84,6). Setelah intervensi, terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada aktivitas fisik (p<0,001; d=1,14), seluruh komponen kebugaran (p<0,01; d=0,68–1,42), dan interaksi sosial (p<0,001; d=1,38). Fitur video adaptif bertingkat dan forum sosial terintegrasi terbukti efektif mendorong latihan mandiri sekaligus mengurangi isolasi. Sistem hibrida yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif, serta berpotensi direplikasi di wilayah dengan karakteristik serupa.
Downloads
References
Aiyer, A. R., Ramakrishnan, I., & Ashok, V. (2023). Taming Entangled Accessibility Forum Threads for Efficient Screen Reading. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1145/3581641.3584073
Barbosa dos Santos, R., Kaur, N., Nelson, M., Catizzone, M., Sheehy, L., Munce, S., Inness, E. L., & Salbach, N. M. (2026). Feasibility, safety, and potential benefit of a virtual, community-based, task-oriented exercise program (TIME TM at Home) for people with balance and mobility limitations: a pre-post feasibility study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 48(2), 450–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2025.2538757
Berezina, T., & Litvinova, A. (2026). Using Virtual Reality Sports Simulators in Adaptive Physical Education of Female College Students with Functional Disabilities. Education Sciences, 16(4), 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16040580
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Brooker, K., & Hill, J. (2022). Commentary on “Development of LDPAQ: learning disability physical activity questionnaire.” Tizard Learning Disability Review, 27(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLDR-07-2022-0013
Calabrò, R. S., & Mojdehdehbaher, S. (2025). AI-Driven Telerehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges of a Transformative Healthcare Approach. AI, 6(3), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai6030062
Carneiro Tura, N., Da Silva Pereira, F., Fogaça, B., Sofia Pang, A., Arcêncio do Amaral, L., & Inácio Barbosa, R. (2025). Efficacy of Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Telerehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 17(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.63144/ijt.2025.6716
Chung, B. P. H., Chiang, W. K. H., Lau, H., Lau, T. F. O., Lai, C. W. K., Sit, C. S. Y., Chan, K. Y., Yeung, C. Y., Lo, T. M., Hui, E., & Lee, J. S. W. (2020). Pilot study on comparisons between the effectiveness of mobile video-guided and paper-based home exercise programs on improving exercise adherence, self-efficacy for exercise and functional outcomes of patients with stroke with 3-month follow-up: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 40(01), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013702520500079
da Silva Capanema, B., Fank, F., Machado Trento, M. C., Costa, D. L., da Rocha, A. R. A., & Mazo, G. Z. (2024). Home-Based Exercise Programs for the Oldest-Old to Attenuate Physical Frailty: A Scoping Review. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 13(4), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2024.41
Flory, S. B., Nieman, C., & Wylie, R. C. (2024). Facilitating culturally responsive teaching in PETE alumni: a mixed methods analysis. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 15(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2023.2208566
Guilcher, S. J. T., Catharine Craven, B., Bassett-Gunter, R. L., Cimino, S. R., & Hitzig, S. L. (2021). An examination of objective social disconnectedness and perceived social isolation among persons with spinal cord injury/dysfunction: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1616328
Hafiar, H., Risanti, Y. D., Nurfadila, F., Ratnasari, E., Dipa, A. K., Nasrullah, R., & Safi, A. Q. (2025). Evaluating accessibility of e-health websites in Indonesia: Bridging the digital divide for people with disabilities. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1572_24
Hansen, M. A., & Donne, V. (2025). Special education teachers’ post-pandemic use of assistive technology. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2025.2584414
He, Z., Wu, H., Zhao, G., Zhang, Y., Li, C., Xing, Y., Xu, A., Yang, J., & Wang, R. (2025). The effectiveness of digital technology-based Otago Exercise Program on balance ability, muscle strength and fall efficacy in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21251-9
Henderson, R. M., Miller, M. E., Fielding, R. A., Gill, T. M., Glynn, N. W., Guralnik, J. M., King, A., Newman, A. B., Manini, T. M., Marsh, A. P., Pahor, M., McDermott, M. M., Rejeski, J., Tudor-Locke, C., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2018). Maintenance of Physical Function 1 Year After Exercise Intervention in At-Risk Older Adults: Follow-up From the LIFE Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 73(5), 688–694. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx231
Islam, M. I., Ansarullah, S. I., Nisa, K. U., Mufti, S., Dar, A. R., & Salau, A. O. (2026). Social Network Design for Disability Peer Support: Identifying Barriers, Applying Standards, and Implementing Measurable Solutions. Open Information Science, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2025-0036
Kattackal, T.-R., Cavallo, S., Brosseau, L., Sivakumar, A., Del Bel, M. J., Dorion, M., Ueffing, E., & Toupin-April, K. (2020). Assessing the reporting quality of physical activity programs in randomized controlled trials for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis using three standardized assessment tools. Pediatric Rheumatology, 18(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-020-00434-9
Kim, M., Santiago, J. A., Park, C. W., & Kim, M. J. (2022). Adapted Physical Education Teaching Online During COVID-19: Experiences from the South of the United States. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 69(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2021.2011157
Konnerup Ulla. (2017). Engaging People with Aphasia in Design of Rehabilitation Through Participatory Design: A Way to Learn what They Really Want. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-740-5-148
Lobov, G. I. (2024). Social isolation: relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Успехи Физиологических Наук, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0301179824010045
Maddah, M., & Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2026). Online health communities, decision making and the over-engagement paradox. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 32(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2024.0118
Martínez-Martínez, M., García-Rodríguez, I., Bermejo-Martínez, D., & Marqués-Sánchez, P. (2025). The History of the #Rarediseaseday Campaign in Spanish on Twitter: Longitudinal Analysis of Hashtag Use and Social Network Analysis. Applied Sciences, 15(19), 10359. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910359
Mcnamara, S., & Pan, C.-C. (2022). Adapted Physical Education in the Special Education Process. In Research Anthology on Inclusive Practices for Educators and Administrators in Special Education (pp. 172–190). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3670-7.ch010
Mehringer, J., Fodstad, J. C., & Ghuman, G. (2026). Exercise Considerations for Adults with Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 38(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-025-10016-w
Mirnawati, M., Ahmad, M., Usman, A. N., & Darmawansyah, D. (2026). Animated Educational Strategy to Enhance Contraceptive Awareness and Uptake Intention Among Women of Childbearing Age: A Quasi Experimental Study. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 9(4), 680–692. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v9i4.9054
Muñoz Hinrichsen, F. I., & Osorio Fuentealba, C. (2025). Facilitadores y barreras para la inclusión de niñas, niños y adolescentes con discapacidad en Educación Física en Chile. Movimento, e31011. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.134521
Musthafa, N. H., & Sulaiman, S. (2018). A review on accessible design requirement for mobile application among physically impaired users. 020107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055509
Nadesan, P., Munir, M., Christy Antony, A., Banfield, L., Bhopa, S., Wahi, G., Kwan, M. Y. W., Bellissimo, N., Kandasamy, S., DiLiberto, D. D., Condillac, R. A., Beyene, J., Sherifali, D., Yi, K. J., Crea-Arsenio, M., Lee, Y., & de Souza, R. J. (2025). Exploring the Barriers to and Facilitators of Inclusive Physical Education for Canadian Elementary and Middle School Students: A Scoping Review. Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574251383467
Nugroho, R. A., Prakoso, S. G., Astuti, T. A. K., Hidayati, K. N., Wulandari, P. R., Utomo, I. H., & Susiloadi, P. (2024). Digital health literacy about stunting in Sepat Village Sragen Regency. 040002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195372
Park, E.-Y. (2025). Factors related to digital literacy in people with disabilities: Focus on self-efficacy and attitude toward digital devices and technology. International Review of Economics & Finance, 104, 104671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104671
Permatasari, T. A. E., Chadirin, Y., Ernirita, E., & Fauziah, M. (2025). The Effectiveness of an Android-Based Application for Stunting Risk Detection in Children under Five in Urban and Rural in West Java Province, Indonesia. Universal Journal of Public Health, 13(2), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujph.2025.130220
Restuputri, D. P., Sanyoto, A. F., & Masudin, I. (2025). Usability analysis of UTAUT and SUS methods in E-health applications as telemedicine media. 070005. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0260182
Rio, L., Damiani, P., & Gomez Paloma, F. (2015). Physical activities and special educational needs. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 10(Proc1). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2015.10.Proc1.38
Salbach, N. M., Jones, C. A., Barclay, R., Sveistrup, H., Sheehy, L., Bayley, M. T., Inness, E. L., Legasto-Mulvale, J. M., Barbosa dos Santos, R., Fung, J., Moineddin, R., Teasell, R. W., Catizzone, M., Hovanec, N., Cameron, J. I., Munce, S., O’Neil, J., Jaglal, S. B., Aravind, G., … Hanson, H. M. (2025). Short-term effects of a virtual, community-based, task-oriented group exercise programme incorporating a healthcare–community partnership compared to a waitlist control on increasing everyday function among adults with mobility limitations: protocol for the TIMETM at Home randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 15(7), e102694. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102694
Santos, K. P., SiIva, V. M. M. da, Reis, I. F. dos, Aquino, M. R. C. de, Lana, M. R. V., & Teixeira, C. M. M. de F. (2023). Physical conditioning in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 35, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.036
Setya Roswendi, A., Suryati, Y., Alifia Nabila, Q., & Safarina, L. (2025). Assessing the Need for Mobile Application Development in Stunting Prevention Among Vulnerable Populations: A Qualitative Study. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 16(02), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v16isupp2.008
Suherman, A., Supriyadi, T., & Safari, I. (2020). Promoting Digital Literacy Skills: An Action Research to People of Kampung Literasi. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1372–1386. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080430
Thacker, J., Bosello, F., & Ridehalgh, C. (2021). Do behaviour change techniques increase adherence to home exercises in those with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review. Musculoskeletal Care, 19(3), 340–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1532
Tjahjadi, A., Lwiantoro, G. A., Warnars, H. L. H. S., Aditantyo, G. A. N., Noordin, N., & Muyeba, M. (2025). Adoption of Progressive Web Applications for On-Demand Home Services in Indonesia. 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT65724.2025.11167665
Umar, F., Misbah, M., Jannah, M., & Mahakeeta, A. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of adaptive physical education in inclusive education to promote Sustainable Development Goals. E3S Web of Conferences, 568, 04032. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456804032
Wang, K., Clarke, L., Dreue, C.-C. J., Zhou, G., & Jacques, J. T. (2026). Critical Challenges in Content Moderation for People Who Use Drugs (PWUD): Insights into Online Harm Reduction Practices from Moderators. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 10(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3799442
WHO. (2022). Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities. World Health Organization.
Wirjawan, J., Rombe, C., Herwinarso, Pratidhina, E., & Untung, G. (2021). Android-based physics learning-media apps on circular motion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1811(1), 012100. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1811/1/012100
Xiao, C., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Fan, W., Hu, J., Yao, Q., Yang, C., Zou, J., Zeng, Q., & Huang, G. (2025). Clinical Efficacy of Multimodal Exercise Telerehabilitation Based on AI for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 13, e56176–e56176. https://doi.org/10.2196/56176
Yen, P.-Y., Sousa, K. H., & Bakken, S. (2014). Examining construct and predictive validity of the Health-IT Usability Evaluation Scale: confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling results. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(e2), e241–e248. https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001811
Zhang, X., Yan, X., Ordóñez de Pablos, P., She, jinghuai, Gao, Y., & Chen, H. (2015). A mapping analytic approach to trace development of multidisciplinary research field. Journal of Science & Technology Policy Management, 6(2), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-09-2014-0036
Zhilalikbar Amin, A., Al Huda, F., & Yudistira, N. (2023). The Development of Insect Pest Classification Mobile Application from Images via MobileNet. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology, 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1145/3626641.3626671
Downloads
View: 25
Download: 11
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dena Widyawan, Mira Fuzita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors should sign the copyright transfer agreement when they have approved the final proofs sent by JPO prior to the publication.
Similar Articles
- Edi Setiawan, Budiarto Budiarto, Asep Ramdan Afriyuandi, KORELASI ANTARA PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DAN PHYSICAL FITNESS PADA ATLET BOLABASKET LEVEL PEMULA , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga (December)
- Iskandar Iskandar, Hastiani Hastiani, PANDUAN MELATIH BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI, KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI (PJOK)SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) DI KOTA PONTIANAK , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Iskandar Iskandar, Heri Rustanto, MELATIH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DENGAN METODE TEACHING GAMES fOR UNDERSTANDING (TGfU) MATA PELAJARAN PENJASORKES SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) DI KOTA PONTIANAK , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Shela Ginanjar, Dena Widyawan, Eko Prabowo, Literature Review: Model Discovery Learning pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Menengah Atas , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Nopiadi Nopiadi, Zusyah Porja Daryanto, Nevi Hardika, Development of Forehand and Beckhand Spin Training Equipment in Table Tennis , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Basyir Basyir, Nevi Hardika, Ashadi Cahyadi, Development of a T-Kick Technique Training Model at Pencak Silat Athlete Kijang Berantai , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Zusyah Porja Daryanto, Ashadi Cahyadi, Ferry Suyitnio, The Effect of Circuit Trainingon The Students’ Physical Fitness at PGRI University Pontianak , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Harmoko Harmoko, Zusyah Porja Daryanto, Ade Rahmat, Development a Geometric Training Model in Basic Football Techniques , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Silvi Aryanti, Dwi Prasetyo, Syafaruddin Syafaruddin, LATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN KARET BAN TERHADAP TENDANGAN SABIT PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER PENCAK SILAT , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
- Muhammad Jefri, Arie Rakhman, Rahmadi Rahmadi, THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING VIDEO ON STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF SHORT-DISTANCE RUNNING MATERIAL , Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga: Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
