Reliabilitas Instrumen TGMD 3 Untuk Keterampilan Lokomotor dan Keterampilan Bola Pada Anak Penyandang Disabilitas

Authors

  • Dena Widyawan Universitas Negeri Jakarta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-645X
  • Sujarwo Sujarwo Universitas Negeri Jakarta
  • Andi Hasriadi Hasyim Universitas Negeri Jakarta
  • Mira Fuzita Universitas PGRI Pontianak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31571/jpo.v14i2.9755

Keywords:

keterampilan gerak dasar, reliabilitas, penyandang disabilitas DCD

Abstract

Anak-anak penyandang disabilitas DCD menunjukkan keterlambatan dalam keterampilan motorik dan koordinasi yang secara signifikan mengganggu aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai reliabilitas intra-penilaian, inter-penilaian, dan test-retest, serta menentukan nilai perubahan minimal yang terdeteksi dari TGMD-3 pada sampel anak-anak penyandang disabilitas. Self-Assessment Ethical Clereance telah disetujui oleh LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta. TGMD-3 diberikan kepada anak penyandang disabilitas DCD. Keterampilan gerak dasar anak penyandang disabilitas direkam menggunakan kamera video digital. Reliabilitas dinilai pada dua kesempatan oleh tiga penilai menggunakan teori generalisasi. 18 anak melakukan 13 keterampilan motorik TGMD-3 dalam 2 sesi dengan jarak satu minggu. TGMD-3 menunjukkan reliabilitas inter-penilai yang baik untuk subskala keterampilan lokomotor, subskala keterampilan bola, dan skor total (φ = 0,78−0,92), sementara reliabilitas intra-penilai bahkan lebih tinggi (φ = 0,95− 0,98). TGMD-3 merupakan instrumen yang reliabel untuk menilai keterampilan gerak dasar anak penyandang disabilitas jenis DCD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Dena Widyawan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan,

Sujarwo Sujarwo, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan

Andi Hasriadi Hasyim, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan

Mira Fuzita, Universitas PGRI Pontianak

Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani, FPOK

References

Akbari, H., Abdoli, B., Shafizadeh, M., Khalaji, H., Hajihosseini, S., & Ziaee, V. (2009). The effect of traditional games in fundamental motor skill development in 7-9 year-old boys. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 19(2), 123–129.

Beshara, P., Davidson, I., Pelletier, M., & Walsh, W. R. (2022). The Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of a Variety of Testing Methods to Measure Shoulder Range of Motion, Hand-behind-Back and External Rotation Strength in Healthy Participants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114442

Brian, A., Fisher, J. R., Miedema, S. T., Pennell, A., Lieberman, L. J., & Brian, A. (2020). The initial psychometric properties for the Total Body Developmental Sequences for youth with visual impairments. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 33, 725–740. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-020-09769-3

Briesch, A. M., Swaminathan, H., Welsh, M., & Chafouleas, S. M. (2014). Generalizability theory: A practical guide to study design, implementation, and interpretation. Journal of School Psychology, 52(1), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2013.11.008

Carballo-Fazanes, A., Rey, E., Valentini, N. C., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., Varela-Casal, C., Rico-Díaz, J., Barcala-Furelos, R., & Abelairas-Gómez, C. (2021). Intra-rater (Live vs. video assessment) and inter-rater (expert vs. novice) reliability of the test of gross motor—third edition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041652

Fortin, C., Van Schaik, P., Aubin-Fournier, J. F., Bettany-Saltikov, J., Bernard, J. C., & Ehrmann Feldman, D. (2018). The acceptance of the clinical photographic posture assessment tool (CPPAT). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2272-7

Ha, T., Dauenhauer, B., & Krause, J. (2022). Facilitating Alternative Assessment with Technology in Physical Education. Strategies, 35(2), 36–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2022.2031379

Hardy, L. L., King, L., Farrell, L., Macniven, R., & Howlett, S. (2010). Fundamental movement skills among Australian preschool children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(5), 503–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.010

Ji, P., Dubois, D. L., & Flay, B. R. (2021). Children and Youth Services Review Social-emotional and character development scale : Validation with urban middle school students. Children and Youth Services Review, 127, 106124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106124

Lee, K., Jung, T., Lee, D. K., Lim, J. C., Lee, E., Jung, Y., & Lee, Y. (2019). A comparison of using the DSM-5 and MABC-2 for estimating the developmental coordination disorder prevalence in Korean children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103459

Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2012). Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x

Maeng, H., Webster, E. K., Pitchford, E. A., & Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities of the test of gross motor development—third edition among experienced TGMD-2 raters. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(4), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2016-0026

Miyahara, M. (2020). Physical literacy as a framework of assessment and intervention for children and youth with developmental coordination disorder: A narrative critical review of conventional practice and proposal for future directions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124313

Pitchford, E. A., & Webster, E. K. (2021). Clinical Validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 in Children With Disabilities from the U.S. National Normative Sample. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(1), 62–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2020-0023

Portney, L. G. (2020). Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Evidence-Based Practice (Fourth Edi). F.A. Davis.

Rintala, P. O., Sääkslahti, A. K., & Iivonen, S. (2017). Reliability assessment of scores from video-recorded TGMD-3 performances. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0007

Roche, S. M., Gumucio, J. P., Brooks, S. V., Mendias, C. L., & Claflin, D. R. (2015). Measurement of maximum isometric force generated by permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. Journal of Visualized Experiments. https://doi.org/10.3791/52695

Simons, J., Daly, D., Theodorou, F., Caron, C., Simons, J., & Andoniadou, E. (2008). Validity and reliability of the TGMD-2 in 7-10-year-old flemish children with intellectual disability. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 25(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.25.1.71

Slater, L. M., Hillier, S. L., & Civetta, L. R. (2010). The Clinimetric Properties of Performance-Based Gross Motor Tests Used for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 22(2), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181dbeff0

Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., & Wilson, P. H. (2013). Noise, variability, and motor performance in developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 55(SUPPL.4), 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12311

Staples, K. L., & Reid, G. (2010). Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0854-9

Sureiman, O., & Mangera, C. (2020). Conceptual Framework on Conducting Two-Way Analysis of Variance. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 6(3), 207. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_75_20

Ulrich, D. (2020). Test of gross motor development (3rd ed). Pro-Ed Publishers.

Vispoel, W. P., Morris, C. A., & Kilinc, M. (2018). Applications of generalizability theory and their relations to classical test theory and structural equation modeling. Psychological Methods, 23(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000107

Wagner, M., Webster, K., & Ulrich, D. A. (2015). Reliability and validity of the test of gross motor development 3. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(S12).

Webster, E. K., & Ulrich, D. A. (2017). “Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development – 3rd Edition.” Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/ jmld.2016-0003

Widyawan, D. (2021). Early childhood fundamental motor skills: visual impairments and non-visually impaired. In Jurnal SPORTIF: Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran (Vol. 7, Issue 1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v7i1.15842

Widyawan, D., & Fuzita, M. (2024). Mengembangkan Kompetensi Mengajar Adaptif Pada Calon Guru Pendidikan Jasmani. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga, 13(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31571/jpo.v13i1.7390

Widyawan, D., Ginanjar, S., & Fuzita, M. (2023). PERSEPSI DIRI, PERSEPSI ORANG TUA, METAPERSEPSI DAN KETERAMPILAN LOKOMOTOR PENYANDANG TUNANETRA. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga, 12(2), 243–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31571/jpo.v12i2.6206

Widyawan, D., Ma’mun, A., Rahely, B., & Hendrayana, Y. (2020). Parents of Students with Disabilities Views in Learning Physical Education in Special Needs School. The Qualitative Report, 25(4), 924–935. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4285

Downloads

Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Widyawan, D., Sujarwo, S., Hasyim, A. H., & Fuzita, M. (2025). Reliabilitas Instrumen TGMD 3 Untuk Keterampilan Lokomotor dan Keterampilan Bola Pada Anak Penyandang Disabilitas. Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga, 14(2), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.31571/jpo.v14i2.9755

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Dena Widyawan, Sujarwo Sujarwo, Andi Hasriadi Hasyim, Mira Fuzita

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors should sign the copyright transfer agreement when they have approved the final proofs sent by JPO prior to the publication.